Strecker (33) notes that the issue of false teachings cannot be central to the message of the epistle since John’s focus, especially throughout his various dualistic contrasts, is ethical. This is because the “Christian community itself is continually under siege” morally and not just because there are false teachers attempting to influence it. John’s First Epistle appears to have a double purpose, namely, pastoral and polemical, with the pastoral dominant and the polemical brought out only as it
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